Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals

The purpose of the Terrestrial Manual is to contribute to the international harmonisation of diagnostic methods, the surveillance and control of the most important animal diseases as well as the certification for international trade of animals and animal products. To this end, standards are described for laboratory diagnostic tests and the production and quality control of biological products (principally vaccines) for veterinary use across the globe.

Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2018

The Terrestrial Code provides standards for the improvement of terrestrial animal health and welfare and veterinary public health worldwide including standards for safe international trade in terrestrial animals and their products.

Aquatic Animal Health Code 2018

The Aquatic Code provides standards for the improvement of aquatic animal health worldwide. It also includes standards for good governance, the welfare of farmed fish and use of antimicrobial agents in aquatic animals. Competent Authorities should use the standards in the Aquatic Code to develop measures for early detection, internal reporting, notification and control of pathogenic agents in aquatic animals (amphibians, crustaceans, fish and molluscs) and preventing their spread via international trade in aquatic animals and aquatic animal products, while avoiding unjustified sanitary barriers to trade.

Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2016

The purpose of the 7th Edition of the Aquatic Manual is to provide a uniform approach to the detection of the diseases listed in the OIE Aquatic Animal Health Code, so that the requirements for health certification in connection with trade in aquatic animals and aquatic animal products can be met. It includes bibliographical references and a list of the OIE Reference Laboratories for amphibian, crustacean, fish and mollusc diseases.

OIE Standards, Guidelines and Resolution on antimicrobial resistance and the use of antimicrobial agents

This special publication has been prepared to support the Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (GAP-AMR) that WHO is developing in collaboration with FAO and OIE.

Terrestrial Animal Health Code 2019

This new 28th edition is scheduled for release in September 2019. Until then, the 27th edition (2018) is still available.

Aquatic Animal Health Code 2019

This new edition is scheduled for release in September 2019. Until then, the 21st edition (2018) is still available.

OIE Standards, Guidelines and Resolution on antimicrobial resistance and the use of antimicrobial agents, 2019

The 2nd edition will compile the OIE standards and guidelines on antimicrobial resistance and the use of antimicrobial agents from the Terrestrial and Aquatic Codes and the Terrestrial Manual, the OIE List of antimicrobial agents of veterinary importance, and relevant resolutions. Expected late 2019.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 38 (3)

Expected late December 2019.

Successes and remaining challenges within the One Health approach

Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 38 (1)

This Review discusses the advancements made and challenges remaining in One Health around endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases, food safety and food security, antimicrobial resistance, wildlife diseases, and other issues that impact health such as poverty. Expected in May 2019.

The role of aquatic animal health in food security
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 38 (2)

This issue explores the role of aquatic animal health in food security. It considers the importance of aquatic animal production for food security, provides case studies on the disease threats that have impacted aquatic animal production, and explores approaches to protecting aquatic animal production and food security from the impacts of aquatic animal diseases. Expected in September 2019.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 37 (3)

Rabies
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 37 (2)

This issue of the Review provides the scientists, clinicians, veterinarians, policy-makers and stakeholders involved in rabies control with an up-to-date review of the rabies situation worldwide, from a ‘One Health’ perspective. Rabies is one of the most feared known human diseases and substantial developments have been made in recent years in reducing its burden. This publication discusses the global strategies used for the elimination of terrestrial rabies from reservoir populations, focusing on the elimination of dog-mediated rabies. It considers regional strategies for rabies control and also shows how intergovernmental organisations, such as the OIE, the WHO and the FAO, are working together in a collegiate manner to help to fight the disease worldwide. The adoption of effective strategies against rabies is especially important in regions where its control is still neglected and where the disease remains endemic.

The contribution of animals to human welfare
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 37 (1)

This Review discusses how companion animals and livestock can both make a positive contribution to human welfare. Animals improve the welfare of humans in many ways, ranging from providing companionship, improving mental health, facilitating rescues during natural disasters; and finally, for a number of species, as food. Dogs used in therapy, and as aids for people with disabilities, provide important benefits. Moreover, they can also be used to detect drugs and herd livestock. To ensure the welfare of such important partners, good breeding programmes and high-quality veterinary care are essential, and breeders must be careful to avoid producing dogs with congenital issues.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 36 (3)

Biological threat reduction
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 36 (2)

This issue reviews the use of animal pathogens and zoonotic agents as bioweapons. More specifically, it examines their use throughout history, explores current disease trends and threats and evaluates the use of animals as sentinels for early detection of outbreaks affecting animals and/or humans, whether the outbreaks be of natural, accidental or deliberate origin.

The economics of animal health
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 36 (1)

This Review allows the presentation of what is currently considered best practice in the use of economics in animal health, and it looks at where economics could be incorporated into animal health investments and programmes to ensure that the allocation of resources is both proportionate and timely.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 35 (3)

The future of pastoralism
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 35 (2)

This issue provides a vision for the sustainable use of pastoral ecosystems, providing innovative ideas for livelihoods, economic development, sustained ecosystem services, animal health management and social and institutional development. It examines human and animal health services and the added value of improved collaboration between the two under a ‘One Health’ approach.

Potential applications of pathogen genomics
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 35 (1)

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 34 (3)

New developments in major vector-borne diseases
Part II: Important diseases for veterinarians
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 34 (2)

The second volume of this Review principally looks at viral diseases, but also considers bacterial diseases and, finally, parasitic diseases. The description of each disease has been updated in accordance with the most recent scientific research, focusing on epidemiology and control. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging diseases (such as infection with the Schmallenberg virus) and diseases that have a zoonotic component (such as West Nile fever). Diseases that have experienced a recent geographic expansion (bluetongue, fever due to the Chikungunya virus) are also discussed. In total, twenty-nine diseases are covered.

New developments in major vector-borne diseases
Part I: An overview
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 34 (1)

The first volume of this Review focuses on the most important arthropod vectors (insects and ticks) and describes their taxonomy, biology, competence and development. It begins by defining ‘vector’, ‘vector-borne disease’ and ‘emerging disease’ and provides explanations that are in line with the OIE understanding of these terms. The zoonotic risks of infections transmitted by arthropod vectors are also discussed, as is the genetic resistance of certain vertebrate hosts to infection. In addition, this volume considers the influence of climatic and anthropogenic changes on the distribution of vectors and the infections they transmit. The last part of this volume focuses on surveillance and control methods for these infections.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 33 (3)

This edition of the Review contains 28 articles submitted by experts across the world and deals with animal health policies, epidemiological surveillance and disease control. It also provides updated information concerning some animal diseases and new diagnostic methods. Other topics addressed include animal welfare, food safety and zoonoses.

One Health
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 33 (2)

In recent years, the concept of ‘One Health’ has gained wide acceptance in the scientific community as well as the attention of the development community, policy-makers and politicians. International bodies such as the OIE, the UN agencies, and the World Bank have adopted a ‘One Health’ approach in their collaborative efforts to control avian and zoonotic influenza with pandemic potential and other diseases of animal origin on both a local and global scale. In this special issue of the Review, governmental representatives, organisational heads and experts on these issues from around the world provide insights and experiences that lead readers through the progression of ‘One Health’ from concept to perspectives to practice.

Animal welfare: focusing on the future
Scientific and Technical Review, Vol. 33 (1)

This issue of the Review, suggested by the OIE Collaborating Centre for Animal Welfare Science and Bioethical Analysis, outlines contemporary thinking about factors that promote or jeopardise the productivity, health and welfare of the wide range of animals used for human purposes.
The 34 selected papers are original, written specifically for this Review, and do not appear elsewhere. They provide an easy to read and incredibly interesting global overview of animal welfare issues, which are relevant to all vets and vet students. December 2014 issue of The Veterinarian

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 32 (3)

Volume 32 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 26 articles submitted by experts from across the world. This issue deals with animal health policies and Veterinary Services as well as epidemiological surveillance and disease control. It also provides updated information about some animal diseases and new diagnostic methods. Other topics addressed include animal welfare, food safety and zoonoses. The annual plurithematic issue of the Scientific and Technical Review provides a unique opportunity to publish reports on the management of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation is rarely reported in the literature.

Coordinating surveillance policies in animal health and food safety ‘from farm to fork’
Scientific and Technical Review 32 (2)

This issue of the Review addresses the recognised need for better coordination of surveillance policies for animal health, food pathogens and foodborne diseases. It examines the role of Veterinary Services and highlights the need to work closely with the other services involved.

Brucellosis: recent developments towards ‘One Health’
Scientific and Technical Review 32 (1)

This issue of the Review presents a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge of the ecology of brucellosis, a clearer understanding of the current situation and a summary of the outlook for the future, so as to allow the disease to be neglected no longer, or at least to be recognised as neglected.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 31 (3)

Volume 31 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 27 articles submitted by experts from across the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. Other topics include the organisation of Veterinary Services, diagnosis, vaccines and pharmaceuticals.

The plurithematic Review also provides a unique opportunity to publish reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation is rarely reported in the literature.

Good governance and financing of efficient Veterinary Services
Scientific and Technical Review 31 (2)

This issue of the Review aims at providing the reader with a conceptual framework to analyse the governance of national Veterinary Services and shows how reforms that promote good governance can help enhance the quality of national animal health systems and assist countries to achieve compliance with OIE international standards.

Antimicrobial resistance in animal and public health
Scientific and Technical Review 31 (1)

The focus of this Review is to address the various factors that must be taken into account when trying to understand the antimicrobial resistance problem, with a particular focus on the use of antimicrobials in animals. 

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 30 (3)

Volume 30 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 30 articles submitted by experts from across the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. Other topics covered include epidemiology, risk analysis, diagnosis, vaccines and various aspects of animal welfare.

The Review also provides a unique opportunity to publish reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation is rarely reported in the literature.

Models in the management of animal diseases
Scientific and Technical Review 30 (2)

The purpose of this issue of the Review is to encourage and facilitate worldwide improvement in the understanding of the ways in which national Veterinary Services and their partners can make use of models in the prevention and control of animal diseases.

The spread of pathogens through international trade
Scientific and Technical Review 30 (1)

This issue of the Review brings together an important collection of well-researched papers by internationally-recognised experts. It aims to document the real, rather than hypothetical, risks from international trade in animals and animal products and compares these with the risks from some of the other means by which pathogens are disseminated. The measures available to mitigate risks are also examined.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 29 (3)

Volume 29 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 25 articles submitted by experts from across the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. Other topics include the organisation of Veterinary Services, diagnosis, vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and various aspects of animal welfare.

Invasive species – Part 2: concrete examples
Scientific and Technical Review 29 (2)

Invasive species – Part 1: general aspects and biodiversity
Scientific and Technical Review 29 (1)

Invasive ‘alien’ species may compete with already existing local biodiversity and domestic animals, introduce infectious transboundary diseases (often emerging), and have a detrimental effect on the environment. Invasive animal species may belong to any species, including molluscs, arthropods, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds or mammals. Moreover, invasive plants can have an impact on the animal kingdom.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 28 (3)

Volume 28 (3) of the Review contains 28 articles submitted by experts from all around the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. The organisation of Veterinary Services is also discussed, as are diagnosis and vaccines.

Veterinary education for global animal and public health
Scientific and Technical Review 28 (2)

This OIE Review is devoted to the improvement of student education in global animal and public health, and all its numerous facets, in every veterinary faculty in the world. Its content will be of interest to all those involved in veterinary medicine. This set of 49 papers is devoted to defining the animal and public health education that every veterinary student in the world should receive, irrespective of their intended career path and whether or not they will be directly working within the field of veterinary public health. Other papers are devoted to the question of how this education can be achieved within an already packed curriculum.

Avian influenza
Scientific and Technical Review 28 (1)

The drastic increase in research has resulted in a significant expansion of our knowledge of avian influenza viruses and the role they play in animals and humans. This issue of the OIE Review presents a comprehensive overview of our present understanding of avian influenza. Foremost experts in influenza have agreed to share their opinion and latest results to provide a state-of-the-art summary on the current knowledge.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 27 (3)

Volume 27 (3) of the Review contains 29 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and elimination of important animal diseases. The organisation of Veterinary Services is also discussed, as are diagnosis and vaccines. The Review is a unique vehicle for the publication of reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation receives little or no publicity otherwise.

Climate change: impact on the epidemiology and control of animal diseases
Scientific and Technical Review 27 (2)

The impact of climate change on human and animal health is a highly topical issue and extensive debates and speculations often predict the worst. Following the most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this special issue of the OIE Review has been developed to provide an overview of the latest scientific knowledge on the impact of climate change on animal diseases and the control options currently available. 

Changing trends in managing aquatic animal disease emergencies
Scientific and Technical Review 27 (1)

With the increase in the culture of ‘new’ aquatic animal species and the consequential discovery of new and emerging diseases, it appears timely to provide an update on the range of disease emergency management strategies. The main purpose of this volume of the Review is therefore to provide a state-of-the-art compilation and assessment of aquatic animal disease emergency management strategies, covering policies as well as operational tools, from international to farm levels. It aims to provide useful generic information on the different issues surrounding the management of aquatic animal disease emergencies, written by world specialists.
It should be extremely valuable, providing a contemporary and truly global perspective on this topic.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 26 (3)

Volume 26 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 21 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and the control and ellimination of important animal diseases. The organisation of Veterinary Services is also discussed, as are diagnosis and vaccines. The Review is a unique vehicle for the publication of reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation receives little or no publicity otherwise.

Animal vaccination – Part 2: scientific, economic, regulatory and socio-ethical aspects
Scientific and Technical Review 26 (2)

Vaccination, when available, is undoubtedly the most cost-effective means to prevent and control or even eradicate infectious diseases. In recent years vaccination has also been used for other purposes in animal welfare and production, such as for immuno-castration. In fact the impact of vaccination goes far beyond the simple control of infectious diseases. Vaccination will therefore help to reach many of the objectives of the 2005 Millenium development goals report, especially in the light of the foreseen livestock revolution.
Public perception and disapproval of some veterinary prophylactic measures, such as mass slaughtering of livestock to control epizootic diseases, also contribute to drive vaccination as an alternative. This will be made easier, thanks to recent progress in veterinary vaccinology, such as the availability of marker vaccines. This special issue of the OIE Scientific and Technical Review is aiming at providing useful generic information instead of giving detailed technical descriptions of specific diseases or vaccines.

Animal vaccination – Part 1: development, production and use of vaccines
Scientific and Technical Review 26 (1)

Vaccination, when available, is undoubtedly the most cost-effective means to prevent and control or even eradicate infectious diseases. In recent years vaccination has also been used for other purposes in animal welfare and production, such as for immuno-castration. In fact the impact of vaccination goes far beyond the simple control of infectious diseases. Vaccination will therefore help to reach many of the objectives of the 2005 Millenium development goals report, especially in the light of the foreseen livestock revolution.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 25 (3)

Volume 25 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 25 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world. The articles describe different animal disease surveillance strategies and control and eradication of important animal diseases. The economic impact of animal diseases on global trade is also studied, and the epidemiology of different diseases is described in various countries. Veterinary public health organisational models and veterinary diagnostic laboratory quality control are also discussed. The Review also constitutes a unique vehicle for the publication of reports on the situation of various animal diseases in the world, in particular in countries whose animal health situation receives little or no publicity otherwise.

Animal production food safety challenges in global markets
Scientific and Technical Review 25 (2)

In the global context of animal production in both the industrialised and developing world, this Review describes the various hazards that can occur during the production stage, including problems associated with fish and shellfish farming. It also deals with responses to food safety challenges, including policy development and practical implementation of on-farm food safety measures, the link between food safety and market access, the responsibilities of the Veterinary Services and public investment in strengthening these and other food safety services. In addition, the implementation of traceability systems and the issue of antimicrobial resistance and the prudent use of antibiotics are discussed. The last section deals with the global perspectives – international standard-setting organisations and stakeholders.

Biological disasters of animal origin. The role and preparedness of veterinary and public health services
Scientific and Technical Review 25 (1)

Since October 2001 the possibility of intended disease outbreaks has been put forward repeatedly in many countries. The history of such events and their impacts are explored and may surprise many by what is possible and yet the uncertainty of the risk. At the same time we can be sure that the ‘old’ diseases will continue to occur. In our global economy, what happens in one corner of the world can threaten us all, and sooner rather than later. The events of the present H5N1 avian influenza pandemic remind us that we do have to be concerned with the threats imbedded in global trade but also with migratory birds ignorant of international boundaries and regulations.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 24 (3)

Volume 24 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 27 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: Epidemiology and veterinary economics, organisation of Veterinary Services and service delivery, reports, and communications.

Animal Welfare: global issues, trends and challenges
Scientific and Technical Review 24 (2)

“Animal Welfare: global issues, trends and challenges” is the second major animal welfare publication in the OIE Scientific and Technical Review series and is designed to provide a contemporary, and truly global, perspective on animal welfare. Detailed reviews on historical, current and future approaches to the scientific assessment of animal welfare will be complemented by perspectives and updates from the five OIE regions and selected international stakeholders.

Biotechnology applications in animal health and production
Scientific and Technical Review 24 (1)

Some of the most promising applications of biotechnology are in the field of animal health and production, in areas such as assisted reproduction, increased disease resistance, nano-based diagnostic and ‘smart’ treatment delivery systems, increasingly improved vaccines and refined diagnostic techniques.However, it is essential that this new technology be thoroughly assessed and implemented in a responsible manner. This Review identifies national, regional and international policies, institutions and regulatory frameworks, and discusses the role of international standard-setting bodies, in particular the World Organisation for Animal Health(OIE). 

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 23 (3)

Volume 23 (3) of the Review contains 31 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: Epidemiology and veterinary economics, organisation of Veterinary Services and service delivery, reports and communications. The articles describe ex-ante economic analysis of animal disease surveillance, methods for assessing the impact of animal diseases on global trade, and discuss the epidemiology of several diseases in different parts of the world. They present models for the organisation of veterinary public health, discuss the use of databases on the Internet for carrying out complex animal health studies, propose disease control strategies and describe quality management in reference tests.

Emerging zoonoses and pathogens of public health concern
Scientific and Technical Review 23 (2)

Emerging zoonoses can occur anywhere in the world and the consequences can be severe. The interdependence of people and animals and the many different factors controlling this relationship have converged to create an environment that is conducive to the emergence of zoonotic pathogens. The recent epidemics of SARS, West Nile virus, and avian influenza demonstrate the global importance of emerging diseases and the important role of Veterinary Services in the prevention, detection, diagnosis, surveillance, response and research activities that are needed to address them. In addition, emerging zoonoses of public health concern are also a sobering reminder of the tremendous trade disruptions and socio-economic damage that this group of diseases can cause.

Veterinary institutions in the developing world: current status and future needs
Scientific and Technical Review 23 (1)

Veterinary institutions in the developing world need to adapt to the challenges of the increase in animal production (scale and intensity) and trade and in the movement of animals and products of animal origin, all of which significantly increase the threat of animal disease and zoonosis transmission. This adaptation of Veterinary Services will be carried out in the context of the important changes in the public and private sectors that have taken place in recent years: changing concepts regarding the role of government resulted in budget cuts and reduced support for the large number of tasks that the public Veterinary Services traditionally performed. The greater focus of national and international policy-makers on reducing poverty in the developing world also added another dimension to the role of animal health services. All these different trends, led to a change in the division of responsibilities between public and private service providers and between the professional (university educated) and para-professional levels. 

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 22 (3)

Volume 22 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 31 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: Epidemiology and veterinary economics, organisation of Veterinary Services and service delivery, reports, and communications.

Veterinary Services: organisation, quality assurance and evaluation
Scientific and Technical Review 22 (2)

There is a growing demand among producers and consumers for Veterinary Services to protect the health of animals and the safety of products of animal origin for both domestic and international markets. To do this, Veterinary Services rely on the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and on the standards defined by the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Aquatic Animal Health Code of the OIE.

Risk analysis of prion diseases in animals 
Scientific and Technical Review 22 (1)

This special issue of the Review of the OIE deals with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in animals for a second time. The previous issue on the subject was in June 1992 when the BSE epidemic had reached its peak but before the tragedy of vCJD in people had emerged and the significant spread of the disease to other countries was apparent. 

Foot and mouth disease: facing the new dilemmas
Scientific and Technical Review 21 (3)

This authoritative new international manual brings together 42 contributions by eminent international authorities on the major questions of what can be done in the future to handle this highly contagious virus infection more effectively...   AASV

Infectious diseases of wildlife: detection, diagnosis and management (Part Two)
Scientific and Technical Review 21 (2)

The growing economic, aesthetic and cultural importance of wildlife in recent decades cannot be overlooked by the veterinary profession. The bi-directional transmission of infectious diseases between wildlife and domestic animals, the zoonotic implications of some diseases as well as the effect of wildlife diseases on the international standards used for trade in domestic animals and animal products, pose a major and continuing challenge to veterinary scientists. 
These issues of the OIE Review will undoubtedly constitute a reference for all those with responsibilities in animal health, veterinary public health and wildlife conservation.

Infectious diseases of wildlife: detection, diagnosis and management (Part One)
Scientific and Technical Review 21 (1)

The growing economic, aesthetic and cultural importance of wildlife in recent decades cannot be overlooked by the veterinary profession. The bi-directional transmission of infectious diseases between wildlife and domestic animals, the zoonotic implications of some diseases as well as the effect of wildlife diseases on the international standards used for trade in domestic animals and animal products, pose a major and continuing challenge to veterinary scientists. 
These issues of the OIE Review will undoubtedly constitute a reference for all those with responsibilities in animal health, veterinary public health and wildlife conservation.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 20 (3)

Volume 20 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 19 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: original articles, communications and reports.

Traceability of animals and animal products
Scientific and Technical Review 20 (2)

Over the past few years, traceability systems used to identify animals, monitor their movements and trace animal products have evolved considerably. It has become crucial to harmonise approved systems that may serve to enhance coherence between trading partners, so as to provide better guarantees and to facilitate international trade in animals and animal products. 

Mycobacterial infections in domestic and wild animals
Scientific and Technical Review 20 (1)

Bacteria are now and have always been the dominant form of life on earth. By virtue of their unimaginable variety, overwhelming number and spectacular adaptability to diverse environments, they represent life’s greatest success story. Among the most successful families are the mycobacteria. This volume of the Scientific and Technical Review presents the most current information available on important mycobacterial infections that handicap animal health and hinder global trade.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 19(3)

The hard copy is OUT OF PRINT; free access to the article in PDF format is found by clicking onto its title.

Diseases of poultry: world trade and public health implications
Scientific and Technical Review 19 (2)

Trade in poultry and poultry products occurs on a global scale. While this makes the best breeding and commercial stock available to producers and offers consumers an increasingly greater choice, it has potential drawbacks in terms of spread of poultry diseases between trading partners. It is important to assess and manage these disease risks to ensure that global trade does not result in dissemination of poultry diseases; however, it is also important that the risk of disease should not be used as an unjustified non-tariff trade barrier. This OIE Review entitled ‘Diseases of poultry: world trade and public health implications’ has been commissioned to provide up-to-date information which will allow these twin aims to be reconciled, as far as is possible.

An update on zoonoses
Scientific and Technical Review 19 (1)

This special issue of the OIE Review is devoted entirely to zoonoses. The most serious zoonoses are often viral in origin, and the viruses concerned are evolving constantly. While such viruses are generally in a state of equilibrium with respect to their hosts, be they individual animals or animal populations, this finding does not hold true for humans, who as a rule are accidental hosts. In the absence of broad-spectrum antivirals, medical science is often unable to counter this type of infection; in such an event, saving human lives may require preventive vaccination.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 18(3)

The hard copy is OUT OF PRINT; free access to the article in PDF format is found by clicking onto its title.

The economics of animal disease control
Scientific and Technical Review 18 (2)

This special issue on the economics of animal disease control is a wide-ranging review of the use of economics in decision-making related to animal disease control and improved animal health. Economics plays an important role in everyday life and decisions. Although economic criteria are regularly used in such decisions, as well as those related to industry and trade, there is sometimes a degree of hesitation before economics are taken into account in decisions concerning investment in animal health programmes. For many with a traditional veterinary background, preference is often given to the use of biological criteria of efficacy and expected outcomes. However, the challenge for the future is to develop an appropriate balance between the biophysical and economic criteria in rational decision-making. This is particularly important for countries contemplating major disease control or eradication programmes, to relieve the burden of a given disease on livestock production, or to open avenues to increased trade in a particular livestock product.

The hard copy is OUT OF PRINT; free access to the article in PDF format is found by clicking onto its title.

Management of animal health emergencies
Scientific and Technical Review 18 (1)

This compilation of papers on emergency management offers important information for managing animal and aquatic animal disease emergencies. The information and personal experiences described by contributing authors from Member Countries of the OIE will be an invaluable reference publication on this important area of responsibility for veterinary administrators. In this respect, this Review is an important, timely and practical reference document.
The scope of this publication is different from many editions of the Review, in that national Chief Veterinary Officers are the primary authors. This reflects the special role and regulatory responsibility that Chief Veterinary Officers exercise during disease emergencies. Hence, this issue is aimed more at being a practical technical guide than a compilation of scientific papers.

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 17 (3)

Volume 17 (3) of the Scientific and Technical Review contains 20 articles submitted by experts from all parts of the world, brought together under the following headings: reviews, original articles, communications and reports.

Veterinary laboratories for infectious diseases
Scientific and Technical Review 17 (2)

The OIE is setting standards for the infrastructure and quality assurance of Veterinary Services in relation to international trade, and one of the key components of the infrastructure, especially as it relates to trade, is the veterinary laboratory. This special issue of the Review provides an overview of the structure of veterinary laboratories that work with infectious diseases, addresses the role, organisation and functions of these laboratories – the activities and role of research, vaccine control and diagnostic laboratories, the functions of national laboratories – and discusses the role of laboratories within the sphere of international trade.

Genetic resistance to animal diseases
Scientific and Technical Review 17 (1)

This OIE Review discusses genetic resistance of farm animal species and explains how progress in the field of genetics leads not only to the protection of animal health, but also to the improved performance of these animals.  

Plurithematic issue
Scientific and Technical Review 16(3)

The hard copy is OUT OF PRINT; free access to the article in PDF format is found by clicking onto its title.

Contamination of animal products: prevention and risks for public health
Scientific and Technical Review 16 (2)

The first two issues of Volume 16 form a set entitled: Contamination of animal products. Issue 16 (1) addresses the risks to animal health of contaminated animal products, while the second issue, Volume 16 (2), is devoted to the examination of hazards to human health from the consumption and use of animal products. As the premier international organisation for animal health, it is not only fitting that the OIE has conducted this study of food safety issues in relation to livestock products, but it is also timely.

Contamination of animal products: prevention and risks for animal health
Scientific and Technical Review 16 (1)

The first two issues of Volume 16 form a set entitled: Contamination of animal products. Issue 16 (1) addresses the risks to animal health of contaminated animal products, while the second issue, Volume 16 (2), is devoted to the examination of hazards to human health from the consumption and use of animal products. As the premier international organisation for animal health, it is not only fitting that the OIE has conducted this study of food safety issues in relation to livestock products, but it is also timely.

OIE Technical standards for manufacturing and quality control of veterinary vaccines

This compilation serves as a readily accessible technical resource for vaccine manufacturers and regulatory officials, to advance global awareness and implementation of the established science-based standards for the quality, safety, and efficacy of veterinary vaccines.

Biological Threat Reduction

Proceedings of the first OIE Global Conference on Biological Threat Reduction
These proceedings include presentations from 32 speakers, including representatives of international organisations, national governments, policy and decision makers, OIE Reference Centers and donors as well as experts on sciences and economic applied studies.

Aquatic Animal Health: ‘Riding the Wave to the Future’

Proceedings of the Third OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

These proceedings include 20 papers by internationally renowned experts who delivered presentations at the Third OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health. The conference addressed the importance of aquatic animal health in aquaculture and highlighted progress in building a global framework for improving the detection, prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases.

Veterinary Education and the Role of the Veterinary Statutory Body

The Conference, attended by over 1,000 participants from over 100 countries, addressed the need for better global harmonisation and quality of veterinary education worldwide, based on OIE guidelines. It also focused on strengthening the role of Veterinary Statutory Body (VSBs) in regulating veterinarians and veterinary paraprofessionals, ensuring their quality and ethics.

Animal Welfare: implementing the OIE Standards – addressing regional expectations

Proceedings of the 3rd Global Conference on Animal Welfare, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

These proceedings highlight progress in the worldwide implementation of the OIE Animal Welfare standards, in conjunction with other initiatives, to improve animal welfare globally.

Responsible and Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Animals

Responsible and Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents for Animals
International Solidarity to fight against Antimicrobial Resistance

This booklet gives a summary of the presentations made at this important global conference and includes the recommendations adopted by the Scientific Committee of the conference and all its participants.

Aquatic Animal Health Programmes: their benefits for global food security

Proceedings of the OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health, Panama City, Panama

This conference was both timely and decisive, because aquaculture is one of the world’s fastest growing industries and food derived from aquatic animals is a key source of high-quality animal protein for the growing global human population.

Rabies Control - Towards Sustainable Prevention at the Source
Compendium of the OIE Global Conference on Rabies Control

This Compendium of manuscripts, prepared by speakers of the conference and reviewed by experts from its Scientific Committee, provides an overview of the current rabies situation worldwide and highlights the importance of rabies control at the animal source in achieving worldwide elimination of rabies in humans. The recommendations adopted at the end of the conference are also included. They will guide the future actions of the OIE and its Member Countries in this area.

Animal Health and Biodiversity – Preparing for the future
Compendium of the OIE Global Conference on Wildlife

This Compendium of manuscripts, prepared by speakers of the conference and reviewed by the experts from the Scientific Committee, provides an overview of available knowledge on wildlife, animal health and biodiversity protection.

Foot and Mouth Disease: the way towards global control

Proceedings of the First OIE/FAO Global Conference, Asuncion, Paraguay

More than 500 experts and stakeholders arrived in Asunción, to pave the way towards global foot and mouth disease (FMD) control. These conference proceedings provide an overview of the global and regional situation for FMD and address surveillance, vaccination and diagnostic methods to move towards global control as well as the impact FMD has on international trade. This first Global Conference on FMD Control was a successful start, boosting new national and regional policies and actions with the ultimate overall aim of global control of FMD.

Evolving veterinary education for a safer world

Proceedings of the First OIE Global Conference, OIE Headquarters, Paris, France

World Deans and Directors of veterinary training institutions and key national veterinary education policy makers, now speaking with one voice, have provided great collaborative work for the making of the first global recommendations on global improvement of veterinary education. These OIE Conference proceedings provide a clear vision of the way veterinary education must evolve worldwide in order to comply with societal demands and with the concept of Global Public Good and the role the OIE and partners will undertake in supporting this evolution.

Animal Welfare: 'Putting the OIE standards to work'

Proceedings of the 2nd Global Conference on Animal Welfare, Cairo, Egypt

These proceedings address the worldwide implementation of the OIE Animal Welfare standards for the transport of livestock by land, sea and air; the slaughter of animals for human consumption and the killing of animals for disease control purposes.

Animal Identification and Traceability 'From Farm to Fork'

Proceedings of the First OIE Global Conference, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The benefits of identification and traceability for animal health, disease control, food safety and quality including labeling, genetic selection and control over trade were discussed. The experiences and perspectives of countries and sectors that have implemented animal identification and traceability were presented and practical examples used to explain how the international standards can be implemented in a cost effective manner in consultation with stakeholders.

Towards the Elimination of Rabies in Eurasia

Vaccination: A Tool for the Control of Avian Influenza

The OIE Global Conference on Aquatic Animal Health

1st International Conference of the OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres

Challenges in responding to new international & societal demands on the veterinary profession

Proceedings of the Seminar ‘Challenges in Responding to New International and Societal Demands on the Veterinary Profession’

The OIE Seminar on this very important and up-to-date subject was organised in collaboration with FAO and the World Veterinary Association, was held during the 28th World Veterinary Congress which took place in Minneapolis, USA, from 16 to 20 July 2005 in conjunction with the American Veterinary Medical Association’s (AVMA) Annual Convention.

Animal Welfare: an OIE initiative

Proceedings of the Global Conference on Animal Welfare, Paris, France

The theme of the Conference was the bringing together of scientific, ethical and cultural values, as well as practical realities, in order to make useful recommendations for the preparation of international standards by the OIE. The book contains the unabridged texts of the 24 papers presented by internationally renowned experts, on the following topics: Various perspectives on global animal welfare challenges; Applying science to animal welfare; Areas of practical application; and The way forward. It also contains recommendations from the various working groups, which consisted of experts from the different stakeholder groups, namely the public and private sector, research and education, and nongovernmental organisations.

The Veterinary Laboratory and Field Manual

While there are more capable diagnostic laboratories now than in the past, it remains evident that these services have often had a limited impact on the wellbeing of farmers in isolated rural communities or on the health and productivity of their livestock. Farmer and community contact remains predominantly with animal health extension services at the district level where resources are generally limited and laboratory support and facilities are poor.

Atlas of Camel Pathology

This Atlas is intended to help veterinary students, veterinary field staff and pathologists involved in camel disease surveillance and diagnosis to identify common diseases of dromedary camels. This pictorial guide describes clinical signs and demonstrates, through a range of colour images, various post-mortem and histopathological lesions associated with 24 viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases, as well as some mineral deficiencies and toxicities. Expected late 2019.

Foot and mouth disease vaccination and post-vaccination monitoring, FAO/OIE Guidelines

The past decade has been an exciting period for the control of foot and mouth disease (FMD). The Progressive Control Pathway for FMD (PCP-FMD) was developed to provide a novel stepwise methodology for a cost-effective, risk-management approach to FMD control, and it is now the backbone for the implementation of the FAO-OIE Global Foot and Mouth Disease Control Strategy.